← Practice Dojo Human Geography

Human Geography: sources and permissions

Original questions and drawings by Practice Dojo. This ledger records the source material, dates, reuse basis and adaptations for the revised visual bank. It does not imply endorsement by the source organizations or College Board.

Photographs retain their individual licenses. Numerical facts have been independently charted or tabulated; published report artwork is not reproduced unless expressly identified as a federal source panel. Conceptual models are labeled as models rather than observed data.

Prepared October 22, 2026. Generalized Natural Earth de facto boundaries are reference geometry and do not settle territorial claims. Older observations are deliberately dated historical examples, not representations of present conditions.

UNIT 1 · county

United States · population density by county, 2020

Actual county population-density choropleth of the United States, with seven classes, Alaska and Hawaii insets, county and state outlines, and scale bars.
Credit and adaptations
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census DHC; profile published December 2023. Map panel excerpted; legend, insets and scales retained.
Reuse basis
Public-domain U.S. federal work; source credit retained. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
8144f828ad191c6f314fbb6cea50b4332e5d4af4ab9804b11e2df063966fb648

UNIT 1 · aral

Aral Sea · Landsat observations, 1973–2000

Three dated Landsat images of the same Aral Sea area showing a large water body shrinking and separating, with exposed lake bed around the remaining water.
Credit and adaptations
USGS EROS Data Center / Landsat science team, via NASA Earth Observatory. Image-panel labels: May 29, 1973; August 19, 1987; July 29, 2000. Page/download metadata give different early acquisition dates, so the printed panel labels govern this credit.
Reuse basis
Public-domain U.S. federal work; source credit retained. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
57147b1aae76d08a86f8a554fa3333ed4cf9c6b1a2949599d3e31ff72788e0cd

UNIT 1 · projections

World map projections · Mercator and sinusoidal, same country boundaries

Two world maps of the same country boundaries side by side. Left, Mercator: a rectangular map clipped at 80°N and 80°S in which high-latitude areas are greatly enlarged, so Greenland appears nearly as large as South America and Canada and Russia look huge. Right, sinusoidal (equal area): the outline narrows toward the poles, shapes shear at the edges, and Greenland appears small. Thin gray horizontal lines mark parallels of latitude; meridians are not drawn. Antarctica is omitted in both panels.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo maps from Natural Earth 1:110m country geometries, repository snapshot ca96624. Mercator and sinusoidal projections calculated from coordinates; Mercator clipped at 80°N and 80°S, Antarctica omitted.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain country boundaries; original thematic rendering. Generalized de facto lines are not an endorsement of claims.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
de3a3c4b341bec5e959f0d255f2ee998a98be38a91b252baf0fb9f82cbc245bd

UNIT 1 · state-totals

Selected U.S. states · resident population, April 1, 2020

Credit and adaptations
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment, Table 2. Selected rows; resident population, not apportionment population.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source

UNIT 1 · national-pop

United States · decennial census population and decadal growth, 1980–2020

Panel A is a line chart of U.S. resident population at each decennial census: 226.5 million in 1980, 248.7 million in 1990, 281.4 million in 2000, 308.7 million in 2010 and 331.4 million in 2020, with a note that observations are ten years apart. Panel B is a bar chart of decadal additions: +22.2 million (+9.8%) in 1980–1990, +32.7 million (+13.2%) in 1990–2000, +27.3 million (+9.7%) in 2000–2010 and +22.7 million (+7.4%) in 2010–2020. A note says national totals do not show regional redistribution.
Credit and adaptations
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 national profile: historical population totals. Original chart; resident counts for 50 states and DC.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
3f55f54bb63c892dc09ab3a4a6e020ff154e2544f55032394ec7af71f436e7e7

UNIT 1 · africa-regions

Africa · statistical subregions

Actual African country outlines colored into Northern, Western, Middle, Eastern and Southern statistical subregions.
Credit and adaptations
Original map from Natural Earth country geometries and SUBREGION attributes, which use UN-style statistical groupings. Dataset accessed October 2026.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain country boundaries; original thematic rendering. Generalized de facto lines are not an endorsement of claims.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
586093188696cf9df2fe253f4247e332263044d13a637e03f234c0f9ca407fc4

UNIT 1 · us-census-regions

United States · population by Census region, 1970 and 2020

Panel A is a grouped bar chart of resident population in millions in 1970 and 2020: South 62.8 and 126.2, West 34.8 and 78.6, Midwest 56.6 and 69.0, Northeast 49.0 and 57.6. Panel B is a table of net gain, percent change and share of the U.S. population: South +63.4 million (+100.9%), 30.9% to 38.1%; West +43.8 million (+125.9%), 17.1% to 23.7%; Midwest +12.4 million (+21.9%), 27.8% to 20.8%; Northeast +8.6 million (+17.6%), 24.1% to 17.4%.
Credit and adaptations
Data: U.S. Census Bureau, 1970 and 2020 decennial censuses; four Census regions covering the 50 states and D.C. Values in millions. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Public-domain U.S. Census data, independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
32894fcb066e6d84ec22602eb91fa98514fd49f58d355bf5ff0f34561e7d2523

UNIT 1 · global-urban-share-map

World · urban share of total population by country, 2023

World choropleth map of the share of each country’s population living in urban areas in 2023, in five classes: 75% or more (darkest blue, including the Americas’ largest countries, Western Europe, Russia, Japan, Australia and the Arabian Peninsula), 60% to 74% (including China, South Africa and much of Eastern Europe), 45% to 59%, 30% to 44% (including India and Pakistan) and under 30% (including Niger, Chad, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka). A note says national definitions of urban settlements vary.
Credit and adaptations
UN DESA World Urbanization Prospects / World Bank WDI (2023) on Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain geometry; UN/World Bank statistical series charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
04eb1cbfde8a08f507d04153eef3aa2670abda33edef1e6369a6e4a1165d4d72

UNIT 2 · dtm

Demographic and epidemiologic transition · five-stage model

Panel A is a five-stage demographic transition model with a solid blue crude birth rate (CBR) line, a solid red crude death rate (CDR) line, and a dotted green total population line, on an axis of vital rates per 1,000 marked 10, 25 and 40. Both rates are high, near 40, in Stage 1. The CDR falls sharply in Stage 2 while the CBR stays high. The CBR falls in Stage 3, where marker X sits on the CBR line. Both rates are low, near 10, in Stage 4. In Stage 5 the CDR rises above the CBR and total population declines. Panel B is a table of the epidemiologic transition listing the dominant causes of death and key drivers for each of the five stages.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo drawing of the standard five-stage demographic transition model (after Warren Thompson, 1929) and Abdel Omran’s epidemiologic transition theory (1971). Qualitative model; curves are not observations or a forecast for a particular country. No migration assumed.
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo drawing of a standard concept; no third-party artwork reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
d014165e5f50a7da1eebaff8bfb6dd28a228d89fd75e750801ae86fb9f6c74d9

UNIT 2 · pyramid

United States · population by sex and age, 2020

Official U.S. 2020 population pyramid, with males left and females right, age increasing upward, and horizontal counts in millions.
Credit and adaptations
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census DHC national profile. Age/sex panel excerpted, retaining its axes and total.
Reuse basis
Public-domain U.S. federal work; source credit retained. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
c7636a8a2ee4c335b0fde188541cf73c8007df01bed6429fba9c8e53a9ad019e

UNIT 2 · aging

United States · population aged 65 and over and aging indicators, 1970–2020

Panel A is a bar chart of the U.S. population aged 65 and over at each census: 20.1 million in 1970, 25.5 million in 1980, 31.2 million in 1990, 35.0 million in 2000, 40.3 million in 2010 and 55.8 million in 2020, an increase of 15.5 million (38.5%) from 2010 to 2020. Panel B is a table of the 65+ share of the population (9.8%, 11.3%, 12.6%, 12.4%, 13.0%, 16.8%), the median age (28.1, 30.0, 32.9, 35.3, 37.2 and 38.8 years) and the old-age dependency ratio, residents 65+ per 100 aged 15–64 (16.0, 17.1, 19.1, 18.7, 19.5, 26.6).
Credit and adaptations
Data: U.S. Census Bureau, decennial censuses 1970–2020, and The Older Population: 2020 (2023). Rounded totals; old-age dependency ratio is residents 65+ per 100 aged 15–64. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
28928323620e179b9d5e40f0b584d5c501695d418490aabcab82eedb2266e586

UNIT 2 · refugees

World · refugees and people in need of international protection by host country, end of 2023

World choropleth map shading each country by the number of refugees and other people in need of international protection it hosted at the end of 2023, in four classes: 1.0 million or more, 250,000 to 999,999, 50,000 to 249,999, and under 50,000. Callouts mark the five largest hosts: Iran 3.8 million, Türkiye 3.3 million, Colombia 2.9 million, Germany 2.6 million and Pakistan 2.0 million. A note says internally displaced persons who have not crossed an international border are excluded.
Credit and adaptations
UNHCR, Global Trends 2023, Figure 9 and country-of-asylum discussion; five rounded host counts. Original map on Natural Earth boundaries.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced. Natural Earth public-domain country boundaries; original thematic rendering. Generalized de facto lines are not an endorsement of claims.
Source
Original source
Scope and qualifications
Categories include refugees, refugee-like situations and other people in need of international protection; not all migrants or all internally displaced people. Rounded values are not exact counts.
Packaged asset SHA-256
516ee367a97d9e8c622cb2f2c81d6847ea8758e7a0621069950d37e36bd810da

UNIT 2 · foreignborn

United States · foreign-born population totals and share, 1970–2022

Panel A is a bar chart of the U.S. foreign-born population: 9.6 million in 1970, 14.1 million in 1980, 19.8 million in 1990, 31.1 million in 2000, 40.0 million in 2010 and 46.2 million in 2022, a nearly fivefold rise. Panel B is a table of the same totals with the foreign-born share of the U.S. population (4.7%, 6.2%, 7.9%, 11.1%, 12.9%, 13.9%) and the net change between dates (+4.5M, +5.7M, +11.3M, +8.9M, +6.2M over 12 years).
Credit and adaptations
U.S. Census Bureau, ACSBR-019, April 2024, Figure 1. Historical censuses and 2010/2022 ACS; rounded figures.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
d26e3f8187c7c4fe39c6b91d1545f1a9b8abb220a81bc72e3c4c41a1e43f83c1

UNIT 2 · fertility

World and regional total fertility rate trajectories, 1960–2024

Panel A is a line chart of total fertility rate (births per woman) from 1960 to 2024 with a dashed replacement line at 2.1: Sub-Saharan Africa falls from about 6.6 to 4.3, South Asia from about 6.0 to near 2.1, East Asia from about 5.6 to 1.1, and the world from about 5.0 to 3.31 in 1990 and 2.25 in 2024. Panel B is a bar chart of the global TFR in 1990 (3.31) and 2024 (2.25), with a note that world population still grew from 5.32 billion to 8.12 billion, a rise of 2.8 billion driven by a young age structure and fertility above 2.1.
Credit and adaptations
Data: UN DESA Population Division, World Population Prospects 2024. Regional lines are rounded estimates. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
1b5201972210e75af21dedd8c81825fc800ca514b446d874fc3ccf77c2089312

UNIT 2 · dependency-ratios-chart

Selected countries · youth and old-age dependency ratios, 2023

Panel A is a grouped bar chart of youth (ages 0–14) and old-age (65+) dependents per 100 working-age residents in 2023: Nigeria 79 and 5, Brazil 28 and 15, United States 28 and 27, Japan 19 and 50. Panel B is a table of the same values with total ratios and DTM stages: Nigeria 84 (Stage 2), Brazil 43, the lowest (late Stage 3), United States 55 (Stage 4), Japan 69 (Stage 5).
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo chart using UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024 data (also published by the World Bank); dependency ratios per 100 persons aged 15–64.
Reuse basis
UN statistical series independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
dbd2ef5a1b8c6b9cd2a442f17d4b6e4148823f75478ce006d6b6120baa03b00c

UNIT 2 · global-tfr-map

World · total fertility rate by country, 2023

World choropleth map of total fertility rate by country in 2023 in five classes: 4.0 or higher (dark brown, most of Sub-Saharan Africa and Afghanistan), 3.0 to 3.9, 2.1 to 2.9 (oranges, including much of North Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and parts of Latin America), 1.6 to 2.0 (teal, sub-replacement, including the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Australia and Iran) and below 1.6 (dark blue, including Canada, Europe, Russia, China, Japan and South Korea). Replacement level is about 2.1.
Credit and adaptations
UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024 on Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain geometry; UN statistical data charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
b1942313e87ddc4a047e28b86b01ac130c59f7399f3b34d12fba94171022f98f

UNIT 2 · remittances-chart

Top remittance-receiving countries · inflows and share of GDP, 2023

Panel A is a bar chart of personal remittance inflows in 2023 in billions of U.S. dollars: India $120B, Mexico $66B, China $50B, Philippines $39B, Egypt $20B. Panel B ranks the same countries by remittances as a share of GDP: Philippines 8.9%, Egypt 5.1%, Mexico 4.2%, India 3.4%, China 0.3%.
Credit and adaptations
World Bank / KNOMAD Migration and Development Brief 40 (June 2024). Billions of current US dollars.
Reuse basis
World Bank data independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
0f1f4215e6dd9404db2433e251c98cdb7fe62eed78a1b9410cfa04a0f8caea28

UNIT 2 · ecumene-clusters

World · Global population distribution and the four primary population clusters · UN DESA / NASA SEDAC

World map of global population distribution and the four major Eurasian population clusters.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 2.1. World · Global population distribution and the four primary population clusters · UN DESA / NASA SEDAC.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
e89ed37a87d857a9d6bdb81486819cb45f8c9d51b29073e45219eeb630eaed10

UNIT 2 · density-comparison

Selected countries · Arithmetic, physiological, and agricultural density, 2022 · World Bank / FAOSTAT

Two-panel comparison of arithmetic, physiological, and agricultural density across Egypt, Bangladesh, Netherlands, and the United States.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 2.2. Selected countries · Arithmetic, physiological, and agricultural density, 2022 · World Bank / FAOSTAT.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
1c7a9560792ecbc892a9c8b9cc9eab01fb6b83584c42291d17771356db6eed50

UNIT 2 · malthusian-curves

Malthusian theory (1798) vs. observed global food and population trajectories (1961–2020, FAO index 1961 = 100)

Two-panel comparison of Malthusian theoretical population vs. food curves and observed FAO food vs. population indices (1961–2020).
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 2.6. Malthusian theory (1798) vs. observed global food and population trajectories (1961–2020, FAO index 1961 = 100).
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
cea4c33f99575582e2fc670baf23d952eb6d52999d9bcb717a1a78ae610b729a

UNIT 2 · population-pyramids-four-stage

Comparative age-sex population pyramids illustrating Stage 2 expansive growth (Niger), Stage 4 columnar stability (United States), Stage 5 constrictive aging (Japan), and male labor-migration asymmetry (Qatar)

Four age-sex pyramids with ten-year age bars from 0–9 at the bottom to 70+ at the top, males on the left and females on the right. Profile A, broad base and rapid growth: median age 16.2, youth 46%. Profile B, columnar and slow growth: median age 38.8, youth 18%, 65+ 17%. Profile C, narrow base and top-heavy: median age 49.1, youth 12%, 65+ 29%. Profile D, asymmetric working-age bulge: 72% male, ages 20–49 are 68% of the population, about 255 males per 100 females.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 2.3. Comparative age-sex population pyramids illustrating Stage 2 expansive growth (Niger), Stage 4 columnar stability (United States), Stage 5 constrictive aging (Japan), and male labor-migration asymmetry (Qatar).
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
f8719e463d5a215ef8929e05da0d0436c901dbc0617f6565d44f6353ad1a8f04

UNIT 2 · epidemiologic-demographic-transition

Five-stage Demographic Transition Model (vital rates per 1,000) paired with Abdel Omran's Epidemiologic Transition matrix of dominant mortality causes across Stages 1–5

Two-panel diagram pairing the five-stage Demographic Transition Model with Abdel Omran's Epidemiologic Transition stages.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 2.5. Five-stage Demographic Transition Model (vital rates per 1,000) paired with Abdel Omran's Epidemiologic Transition matrix of dominant mortality causes across Stages 1–5.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
5b182a647547852788e110e5e6bab102fafd267b90891d1b918028289acfdb1c

UNIT 3 · chinatown

San Francisco · Dragon Gate cultural landscape, 2010

Actual photograph of San Francisco’s Chinatown gate, with Chinese architectural motifs, Chinese characters and an American urban street beyond.
Credit and adaptations
Chensiyuan, 2010, 1 chinatown san francisco arch gateway.JPG, via Wikimedia Commons. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Reuse basis
CC BY-SA 4.0; photograph remains under that license.
Source
Original source · License
Packaged asset SHA-256
2980cec89e7c908d17e7664eac037f924bb565953e5b59603881a8e3eb66efe4

UNIT 3 · english-proficiency

U.S. home-language groups · English proficiency and speaker counts, 2019

Panel A is a stacked bar chart of English-speaking ability among people ages 5 and over who speak another language at home in 2019, with the share speaking English very well and less than very well: Spanish 61% and 39%, Tagalog 70% and 30%, Chinese 48% and 52%, Vietnamese 43% and 57%. Panel B is a table of total speakers with the counts in each category: Spanish 41.8 million (25.5 million very well, 16.3 million less than very well), Chinese 3.5 million (1.7 and 1.8 million), Tagalog 1.8 million (1.3 and 0.5 million), Vietnamese 1.6 million (0.7 and 0.9 million).
Credit and adaptations
Data: U.S. Census Bureau, Language Use in the United States: 2019 (American Community Survey); four language groups. Counts in Panel B are rounded and calculated from the reported percentages. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
7263aa653526c692872ce10b0e05b9d506db104528921343ae45d012f1da6235

UNIT 3 · lusophone

Lusophone (CPLP) network and other European maritime language spheres

World map shading Portuguese-speaking CPLP member states green, with labels for Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique and Timor-Leste on separate continents, and dashed arcs tracing 15th–16th century Portuguese maritime routes from Portugal to Brazil, around Africa and on to Timor-Leste. Other countries are shaded by Spanish (purple), French (blue) or English (tan) official status, or gray for other national languages.
Credit and adaptations
CPLP official member list, accessed October 2026. Original Practice Dojo map from Natural Earth public-domain geometries, with Spanish, French and English official-language spheres shown for comparison and schematic routes of Portuguese maritime exploration.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced. Natural Earth public-domain country boundaries; original thematic rendering. Generalized de facto lines are not an endorsement of claims.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
7d7370b27b8852315cf456432932c20c8520396347e521e8de22950b87b7eb0e

UNIT 3 · diffusion

Diffusion processes · three observation sequences

Three rows show three diffusion sequences at Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3. Filled blue circles carry the trait; open circles have not adopted it or have been vacated; circle size shows rank in the urban hierarchy. Row A, relocation: two blue origin circles become dashed and empty as blue circles appear in new places. Row B, contagious expansion: one blue core circle spreads to its adjacent ring at Time 2 and to all nearby circles at Time 3, while the core stays blue. Row C, hierarchical expansion: a large alpha metropolis is blue at Time 1, two mid-size regional cities turn blue at Time 2, and four small local towns turn blue at Time 3.
Credit and adaptations
Original Practice Dojo conceptual sequence; trait presence and settlement hierarchy are theoretical, not observations from actual communities.
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo drawing of a standard concept; no third-party artwork reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
8dcdf461a3b56b1a04f56db75ff08f56515c9e6ff93930a342f76efc64072858

UNIT 3 · us-language

United States · non-English home-language use, 1980–2019, and leading languages

Panel A is a bar chart of U.S. residents aged 5 and over who speak a language other than English at home, with their share of the population: 23.1 million (11.0%) in 1980, 31.8 million (13.8%) in 1990, 47.0 million (17.9%) in 2000, 59.5 million (20.6%) in 2010 and 67.8 million (22.0%) in 2019, nearly triple the 1980 count. Panel B is a table of the leading non-English home languages in 2019, with speakers, share of non-English speakers and the share who speak English very well: Spanish 41.8 million (61.6%, 61%), Chinese 3.5 million (5.2%, 48%), Tagalog 1.8 million (2.6%, 70%), Vietnamese 1.6 million (2.3%, 43%), Arabic 1.3 million (1.9%, 65%), French including Cajun 1.2 million (1.8%, 79.9%).
Credit and adaptations
Data: U.S. Census Bureau, 1980–2000 decennial censuses, 2010 and 2019 American Community Survey, and Language Use in the United States: 2019. Includes multilingual English speakers. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
309432db6b2e55be72eb6b531966ee907230e3d79ca17c864291a8b6979792e4

UNIT 3 · welsh

Wales · reported ability to speak Welsh: historical, regional and age patterns, 1911–2021

Panel A is a bar chart of residents aged 3 and over able to speak Welsh: 43.5% in 1911, 28.9% in 1951, 18.9% in 1981, 20.8% in 2001, 19.0% in 2011 and 17.8% in 2021, a fall of 1.2 percentage points from 562,000 to 538,000 speakers between 2011 and 2021. Panel B shows 2021 rates by local authority (Gwynedd 64.4%, Isle of Anglesey 55.8%, Carmarthenshire 39.9%, Wales average 17.8%, Cardiff 12.2%, Monmouthshire 8.7%) and by age group (ages 5–15 34.3%, ages 20–44 16.5%, ages 65–74 12.8%). A note says the census records self-reported ability, not daily use.
Credit and adaptations
Data: Welsh Government, Welsh language in Wales (Census 2021), December 6, 2022, and ONS 2011 and 2021 Censuses; residents aged 3 and over. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
4c2c6b9dc4232e36eecb647143c0bc092d4374d2a1c5c0574c826def2b97c7e1

UNIT 3 · indo-european-branches-map

World · Indo-European language branches and major world language families

World map shading each country by the language family, or Indo-European branch, that most residents speak at home. Indo-European branches: Romance in dark blue (Latin America, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Romania, Moldova and Angola), Germanic in orange (the United States, Canada, the UK, Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia, Australia, New Zealand, Guyana and Suriname), Balto-Slavic in purple (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and the Slavic-speaking Balkan states), Indo-Iranian in green (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka), and crimson for three separate smaller branches labeled in an inset of Europe and Southwest Asia: Hellenic (Greece, Cyprus), Albanian (Albania, Kosovo) and Armenian (Armenia). Other families: Afro-Asiatic in tan (North Africa, Arabic-speaking Southwest Asia, Israel, Ethiopia, Somalia, Niger), Niger-Congo in pink (most of Sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa), Sino-Tibetan in teal (China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Bhutan), Austronesian in lavender (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Madagascar) and other families in grey (including Turkey, Central Asia, Japan, Korea, mainland Southeast Asia, Finland, Hungary, Greenland, Chad and Paraguay). The UAE and Qatar are hatched for no reliable data. Notes say creoles take the branch of their main source language and that national-scale mapping masks subnational diversity, such as Dravidian languages in southern India.
Credit and adaptations
Original Practice Dojo map on Natural Earth 1:50m country boundaries (simplified), with an enlarged inset of Europe and Southwest Asia. Each country is shaded by the language family, or Indo-European branch, of the language spoken at home by the most residents. Family and branch classification after Glottolog and Ethnologue. Census home-language figures were checked for borderline cases: South Africa 2022 (isiZulu 24.4%, isiXhosa 16.3%, Afrikaans 10.6%, English 8.7%), Angola 2014 (Portuguese spoken at home by about 71%) and Paraguay 2012 (Guaraní used in about 80% of homes). Creoles take the branch of their main source language. The UAE and Qatar are shown as no reliable data because most residents are foreign workers. Revision r2 corrects the earlier version, which shaded Greece, Albania and Iraq as Indo-Iranian and South Africa as Germanic, merged Afro-Asiatic with Niger-Congo, and mixed official-language and majority-language rules.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain geometry; standard linguistic classification and public census figures charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
110f935945990659fe468b51cd60ca7069fbea812c05008b2a48d9dd8c5b9d1e

UNIT 3 · internet-adoption-diffusion

Technology diffusion S-curve and the global digital divide, 2023

Panel A is a conceptual logistic S-curve of technology adoption over three phases (hearth, rapid contagious spread, saturation): a solid blue curve for urban cores and high-income nodes rises early and nears 100%, while a dashed red curve for the rural periphery lags behind. Panel B is a bar chart of internet use by region in 2023: North America and Western Europe 93%, East Asia and Latin America 78%, Middle East and North Africa 74%, South Asia 52%, Sub-Saharan Africa 37%, with a note that 81% of urban and 50% of rural people worldwide are connected. A box summarizes Hägerstrand’s stages: hierarchical leapfrogging among major cities early, then contagious expansion as device costs fall.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo chart. Panel A is a conceptual model after Torsten Hägerstrand (1967). Panel B: International Telecommunication Union (ITU) data for 2023, as stated in the chart; regional groupings are Practice Dojo’s.
Reuse basis
ITU statistical series independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
f724f42387a865e3f336c76e4845ed7e26913a3fa561dbf8a75b5598028c1df7

UNIT 3 · canada-bilingualism-chart

Canada · English–French bilingualism by province and language policy, 2021 Census

Panel A is a bar chart of the share of residents able to conduct a conversation in both English and French in 2021, with a dashed line at the Canada average of 18.0%: Quebec 46.4%, New Brunswick 34.0%, Canada 18.0%, Ontario 10.8%, Nova Scotia 10.4%, British Columbia 6.6%. Panel B is a table of bilingualism, French as first language and official status: Quebec 46.4%, 74.8%, French only (Bill 101); New Brunswick 34.0%, 30.0%, officially bilingual; Ontario 10.8%, 3.4%, English with French services; British Columbia 6.6%, 1.1%, English de facto; Canada 18.0%, 19.6%, federally bilingual.
Credit and adaptations
Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population: Official language proficiency.
Reuse basis
Statistics Canada open data independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
bb2441c6e95d308a0fc06bd7f0f0e0789b4b3cb8c148f594caac12126992115b

UNIT 3 · cultural-traits-matrix

Cultural patterns · Adoption speed curves and comparative cultural trait matrix · conceptual model

Two-panel exhibit showing S-curve diffusion adoption rates and comparative matrix of local/folk vs. global/popular cultural systems.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 3.1. Cultural patterns · Adoption speed curves and comparative cultural trait matrix · conceptual model.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
ca369d6a98e4bd7883ba813749e267ab0dab4f981e77e73072f9f6f74141ef23

UNIT 4 · eu

European Union · membership on February 1, 2020

Dated map of European Union membership on February 1, 2020, the day after the United Kingdom left. Members such as France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Ireland are blue; the UK, Norway, Switzerland and other nonmembers are beige. Dots mark Luxembourg, Malta and Cyprus. A note says membership does not show Schengen or euro-area status.
Credit and adaptations
European Commission membership history and Eurostat EU-27 definition, February 2020; Natural Earth boundaries. Original thematic map.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced. Natural Earth public-domain country boundaries; original thematic rendering. Generalized de facto lines are not an endorsement of claims.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
c053f660b2d78c7336233726719bff7396c8c7d4a8dce2133b9f841989356de6

UNIT 4 · berlin

Berlin Wall near Brandenburg Gate · 1989

Historical photograph of people standing on the Berlin Wall, with a warning sign and the Brandenburg Gate beyond.
Credit and adaptations
Sue Ream, BerlinWall-BrandenburgGate.jpg, 1989, via Wikimedia Commons. Existing cropped version; resized/re-encoded, scene unchanged. Exact day disputed in the file metadata; only year used.
Reuse basis
CC BY 3.0; credit, source and license retained.
Source
Original source · License
Packaged asset SHA-256
5ac79a355a6da84ac2c37e86695b0b615876ba9b5e359d6079b43ae27d01bee6

UNIT 4 · africa-borders

Sahara and Sahel · actual international boundaries

Reference map of the Sahara and Sahel with international boundaries outlined. Algeria, Mali, Niger, Chad, Nigeria, Libya and Sudan are shaded tan and Mauritania is labeled. Several borders, such as Algeria and Mali, Algeria and Niger, Libya and Chad, Libya and Sudan, and Mauritania and Mali, contain long straight segments.
Credit and adaptations
Natural Earth country boundaries, dataset snapshot ca96624, accessed October 2026. Original reference map; no ethnic distributions inferred.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain country boundaries; original thematic rendering. Generalized de facto lines are not an endorsement of claims.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
50970e2f2f8c054a3ae402e60bc3eb8b26772c4ff2450b9729ff553b336ab313

UNIT 4 · sudan

Sudan and South Sudan · after July 2011

Reference map of Sudan (blue) and South Sudan (tan) after July 2011, with neighboring Egypt, Chad, Ethiopia and Uganda labeled and the Red Sea at the upper right. Sudan borders Egypt, Chad and Ethiopia and has a Red Sea coastline; South Sudan is landlocked and borders Sudan, Ethiopia and Uganda. Capitals are not marked. A note says the generalized line does not resolve disputed areas such as Abyei.
Credit and adaptations
United Nations historical account of South Sudan’s independence, July 9, 2011. Natural Earth generalized boundaries; original map.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced. Natural Earth public-domain country boundaries; original thematic rendering. Generalized de facto lines are not an endorsement of claims.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
ddbaebac85a2c5dfc14e4b4943534e1558b1d9fbbfd96ac246b0aee0269885dc

UNIT 4 · seats

U.S. House apportionment · selected states, 2010 and 2020

Credit and adaptations
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census apportionment results, April 26, 2021. Selected states and seat totals.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source

UNIT 4 · maritime

Maritime zones · UNCLOS profile and jurisdiction rules

Panel A is a cross-section from the coastal state and its baseline (0 nm) out to sea: territorial sea up to 12 nautical miles, contiguous zone from 12 to 24 nm, exclusive economic zone up to 200 nm, and high seas beyond 200 nm, with the continental shelf (seabed and subsoil resources, up to 350 nm) drawn below. Panel B is a table of each zone’s distance, the coastal state’s authority and foreign vessels’ navigation rights: territorial sea, full sovereignty and innocent passage; contiguous zone, enforcement of customs, fiscal, immigration and sanitary laws; EEZ, exclusive resource rights with freedom of navigation and overflight; high seas, outside national jurisdiction and open to all states. A note says states with opposite coasts under 400 nm apart delimit a median boundary.
Credit and adaptations
Original Practice Dojo diagram based on UNCLOS (1982) Articles 3, 33, 55–58 and 76. Distances measured from a common baseline; horizontal spacing intentionally compressed.
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo drawing of a standard concept; no third-party artwork reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
b1f405897a450cc126f19a9c68eed403bd7feb561079f7cbd41482c3447cfc8a

UNIT 4 · uk-devolution-chart

United Kingdom · 1997–1998 devolution referendums and subnational governance

Panel A is a bar chart of the Yes vote share in UK devolution referendums, with a dashed line at 50%: Scotland Parliament 1997, 74.3%; Scotland tax-varying powers 1997, 63.5%; Wales Assembly 1997, 50.3%; Northern Ireland Belfast Agreement 1998, 71.1%. Panel B is a table of each nation’s devolved legislature: Scotland, Scottish Parliament (Holyrood), 2014 independence vote 44.7% Yes and 55.3% No; Wales, Senedd Cymru, no independence referendum held; Northern Ireland, NI Assembly (Stormont), power-sharing; England, governed directly by the UK Parliament at Westminster.
Credit and adaptations
Data: UK Electoral Commission and House of Commons Library briefings on the 1997 and 1998 devolution referendums and the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Public UK parliamentary election statistics independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
4b5933dbb1cea04d61fe36f73a887305f6848310f2c15b45bf01f500d812293d

UNIT 4 · political-typology

Southwest Asia · Kurdish cultural region across four sovereign states and political entity typology

Map of the Kurdish cultural region overlapping Türkiye, Syria, Iraq, and Iran alongside a typology table of political entities.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 4.1. Southwest Asia · Kurdish cultural region across four sovereign states and political entity typology.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
2236ccc5f7151655fdb6ef9b414c6fb9cd6d7aba40aff3d609a46e9ae5417ce8

UNIT 4 · federal-unitary-map

World · Forms of governance: Federal states vs. Unitary states · comparative constitutional classification

World map classifying sovereign states into Federal states (blue) and Unitary states (tan).
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 4.7. World · Forms of governance: Federal states vs. Unitary states · comparative constitutional classification.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
a0ae4d9ca34136f3482399db09ec5e0de32d94f7e28bfabff92db1004e1f4660

UNIT 4 · centripetal-centrifugal

Political cohesion · Four European devolution cases and a Practice Dojo summary of centripetal vs. centrifugal forces (CED Topic 4.10)

Two-panel exhibit: a table of four European devolution cases (Catalonia, Flanders and Wallonia, Scotland, former Yugoslavia) and a Practice Dojo summary of what the AP CED says centripetal and centrifugal forces can lead to.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo summary exhibit (a table and diagram, not a map), revised. Panel A facts: Scotland's 2014 independence referendum (44.7% Yes) and the 2016 UK EU referendum (62% Remain in Scotland), official results; Scottish Parliament established by the Scotland Act 1998 and first sitting in 1999; Constitution of Belgium, article 1 ("Belgium is a federal State composed of Communities and Regions"), from the 1993 state reform; the 2017 Catalan independence referendum ruled unconstitutional by Spain's Constitutional Court; Yugoslavia's breakup after 1991 into seven successor states, counting Kosovo, whose 2008 declaration of independence is not recognized by all states. Panel A is simplified and names main pressures only. Panel B paraphrases AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description (College Board) Topic 4.10: centripetal forces can lead to ethnonationalism, more equitable infrastructure development and increased cultural cohesion; centrifugal forces may lead to failed states, uneven development, stateless nations and ethnic nationalist (separatist) movements. The listed examples of each force are Practice Dojo's, not CED text. Revision r2 corrects the earlier version, which listed ethnonationalism as a centrifugal force and presented a Practice Dojo typology as CED content.
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo vector diagram; no map geometry. Facts from public official records; CED content paraphrased, not reproduced.
Packaged asset SHA-256
8013aa5095f7cc0ec4b36f6d6e2c23cb7a6796bf0fcfbc0734fb4eb676dbfee9

UNIT 4 · packing-cracking-redistricting-map

Spatial redistricting comparison across one 25-precinct state (300 Blue and 200 Orange voters in five 100-voter districts): Plan I (compact proportional, 3–2), Plan II (horizontal districts that crack Orange, 5–0) and Plan III (packing Blue, 2–3).

Three panels showing the same state of 300 Blue and 200 Orange voters divided into five 100-voter districts. Plan I, compact proportional: five vertical districts, three all Blue and two all Orange, so Blue wins 3 seats and Orange 2. Plan II, horizontal districts: each row has 3 Blue and 2 Orange precincts, 60% Blue and 40% Orange, so Blue wins all 5 seats. Plan III: D1 and D2 are 90% Blue and D3, D4 and D5 are 40% Blue and 60% Orange, so Orange wins 3 of 5 seats.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 4.6. Spatial redistricting comparison across an identical 25-precinct state (60% Blue, 40% Orange): Plan A (compact proportional, 3–2), Plan B (cracking, 5–0), and Plan C (packing and cracking, 2–3).
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
27162b3e627df79b3a941f6f0f69bba8f283d114066dcadcd33d55185dad0585

UNIT 5 · kansas

Southwestern Kansas · ASTER, June 24, 2001

Actual ASTER satellite image of southwestern Kansas. Numerous green circular and partial-circular cultivated fields sit within a broader rectangular field and road pattern. Other fields appear tan or brown. Field circles vary in size and some meet the edges of rectangular parcels.
Credit and adaptations
NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team, via NASA Earth Observatory. Acquired June 24, 2001. Resized and encoded as WebP; scene content unchanged.
Reuse basis
NASA Earth Science reuse guidance; no contrary item copyright notice found. Full joint credit retained; resized only.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
b3fd108267c5e29c21aa61e134bdbb4cf5bd593b98e7dbfeb6b85305e14638c4

UNIT 5 · iowa

Montgomery County, Iowa · contour-aligned cultivation

Real USDA NRCS photograph of gently rolling cultivated land in Iowa. Curving crop rows and long grassed terrace bands follow the shape of the slopes. A tractor is visible in the field. The planted pattern bends around the hills rather than running straight up and down the slopes.
Credit and adaptations
Photo by Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, NRCSIA99373. Public domain U.S. federal work. Resized and encoded as WebP; scene content unchanged. Original capture date not independently established.
Reuse basis
Public-domain U.S. federal work; source credit retained. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
bafa42b1f10dbf3dfa8f23393ddcb5a53beaf1f271c929c5ba9094b60d0a03bc

UNIT 5 · banaue

Banaue, Philippines · terraced agricultural landscape, 2011

Real photograph of many level cultivated terraces following steep hillsides in Banaue, with surrounding vegetation and paths.
Credit and adaptations
Jose B. Cabajar (Cabajar), Banaue RiceTerraces.jpg, April 13, 2011, via Wikimedia Commons. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Reuse basis
CC BY-SA 3.0; photograph remains under its stated license.
Source
Original source · License
Packaged asset SHA-256
a79a23605c682fdab4ac33d2d3161ae42a9673da8fbcf6ab7028dc03e866e027

UNIT 5 · amazon

Brazil · contrasting deforestation patterns, 2019 montage

Real four-panel satellite montage of the Brazilian Amazon showing four deforestation patterns: fishbone clearings along a highway and side roads (upper left), radial clearings spreading from a town (upper right), dendritic clearings along winding roads near a river (lower left) and large rectangular agricultural clearings (lower right). Each panel has a scale bar of 5 or 10 km.
Credit and adaptations
NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, Landsat/USGS and MODIS/NASA data. Published November 22, 2019; original montage retained, resized/re-encoded.
Reuse basis
NASA Earth Science reuse guidance; no contrary item copyright notice found; full credit retained.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
c896d2c93537ab04863bd5ebb76b0d8a875f20f9c1940aca93f6b7bd68655877

UNIT 5 · von-thunen

Von Thünen · agricultural land-use model and bid-rent gradient

Panel A shows four concentric rings around central market M on an isotropic plain: Ring A nearest M, then B, C and D. Panel B is a bid-rent graph of land rent per acre against distance from M, with four lines of decreasing steepness, and a key: A, intensive dairying and market gardening (perishable, high rent); B, forest, timber and fuelwood (bulky, high transport cost); C, extensive field crops and grains (durable, lower transport cost); D, extensive livestock ranching and grazing (lowest land rent per acre).
Credit and adaptations
Original Practice Dojo drawing of Johann Heinrich von Thünen’s (1826) four-ring model and bid-rent gradient. Assumes an isotropic plain, uniform fertility and transport costs proportional to weight and distance. Not observed agricultural data.
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo drawing of a standard concept; no third-party artwork reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
a31692a4b87d032c3bd67c8733e7c9809fec1654e3eb5632fbeb53cc06e83873

UNIT 5 · farms

United States · farms by acreage class and consolidation, 2017 and 2022

Panel A is a grouped bar chart of U.S. farm counts in thousands for seven acreage classes in 2017 (blue) and 2022 (orange): 1–9 acres about 273 and 234, 10–49 about 583 and 567, 50–179 about 565 and 531, 180–499 about 315 and 288, 500–999 about 133 and 120, 1,000–4,999 about 147 and 133, and 5,000+ acres 26 and 27, the only class that rose. Panel B is a table: total farms 2,042,220 and 1,900,487; average farm size 441 and 463 acres; farms of 10–179 acres 1,148,000 and 1,097,000; farms of 5,000+ acres 26,000 and 27,000; share of land in farms of 2,000+ acres 58% and 61%.
Credit and adaptations
Data: USDA NASS, 2017 and 2022 Censuses of Agriculture; 2022 Census of Agriculture Highlights, Farms and Farmland, March 2024. Counts in thousands of farms, rounded. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
4be51c32f84de57b19c8a4e77eabfc690f2e2815f171e28de4dd20c49a0b7128

UNIT 5 · green-revolution-yields

Green Revolution · cereal yields by region and the input package, 1961–2020

Panel A is a line chart of average cereal yields in metric tons per hectare from 1961 to 2020. East Asia rises from about 1.5 to 5.1, South Asia from 1.0 to 3.5, and Sub-Saharan Africa (dashed line) from about 0.8 to 1.6. Panel B has three boxes: the high-yielding seed and fertilizer package (semi-dwarf IR8 rice and Norin-10 wheat, which need fertilizer, tube-well irrigation and pesticides; South Asia yields up 250%), adoption barriers in Sub-Saharan Africa (local staples such as cassava, yams, sorghum and millet left out of early breeding, about 95% rain-fed farming, weathered soils, limited credit), and ecological and social trade-offs (groundwater depletion, salinization, eutrophication, loss of landrace diversity, gains favoring wealthier landholders).
Credit and adaptations
Data: UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT), cereal yield in metric tons per hectare, as stated in the chart. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
FAO/World Bank statistical series independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
303e75852985c994cf9442d488abfbb5e9988da3bbd158113066dfe83ba7cc4b

UNIT 5 · agricultural-hearths-map

First Agricultural Revolution hearths and Columbian Exchange diffusion · representative modern countries

World map shading representative modern countries in six early domestication hearths: Southwest Asia (wheat, barley, sheep) in orange, East Asia (rice, millet) in blue, South and Southeast Asia (zebu, taro) in green, Mesoamerica (maize, squash) in purple, the Andes (potato, llama) in magenta, and the Sahel and West Africa (sorghum, yam) in gold. Dashed arcs show post-1492 Columbian Exchange transfers between the Americas and Europe and from Southwest Asia to the Americas.
Credit and adaptations
Original Practice Dojo map on Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries showing representative modern countries in six early domestication hearths and post-1492 Columbian Exchange transfers. Based on Carl Sauer and the archaeobotanical consensus.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain geometry; charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
646bbeef4b821cb363ba49ecb770ce00437ae67fb464810f940401d3d11980ff

UNIT 5 · female-ag-employment-chart

Selected countries · women in agriculture and the landholder gap, 2022

Panel A is a bar chart of the share of employed women working in agriculture in 2022: Ethiopia 60%, India 55%, Vietnam 30% to 36%, Brazil 5%, United States 1%. Panel B is a table comparing, for each country, that share with women’s share of the agricultural labor force and women’s share of agricultural land titles: Ethiopia 45% of labor and 18% of titles, India 42% and 14%, Vietnam 48% and 26%, Brazil 19% and 19%, United States 27% and 36%.
Credit and adaptations
Data: International Labour Organization (ILO) and UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2022, as stated in the chart. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
ILO and FAO statistical data independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
659b378b8ecaec9394ec3cd8cd50e9eca6f82d960917d1871504be7398610939

UNIT 5 · rural-survey-systems

Rural land-use and settlement · Long-Lot, Metes-and-Bounds, and Township-and-Range survey systems

Three-panel cadastral diagram comparing French Long-Lot, British Metes-and-Bounds, and U.S. Township-and-Range (PLSS) survey systems.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 5.2. Rural land-use and settlement · Long-Lot, Metes-and-Bounds, and Township-and-Range survey systems.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
aafc689b2da4f8cd7e43d176fd18a9bc83c14a7b5c566975a4dd55f03c611080

UNIT 5 · whittlesey-regions

World · Predominant agricultural production regions (Whittlesey classification) · conceptual/bioclimatic map

World map of Derwent Whittlesey's predominant agricultural production regions across bioclimatic zones.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 5.6. World · Predominant agricultural production regions (Whittlesey classification) · conceptual/bioclimatic map.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
d7031612ad1bafb5f813ceb839bee8d5638bcdce72dc612209b1b5a0dad0a926

UNIT 5 · global-agribusiness-commodity-chain

Global coffee commodity chain across five stages (Panel A) and the distribution of a $5.00 retail purchase: 8% ($0.40) at the farm gate and 15% ($0.75) in producing countries, compared with 74% ($3.70) captured by roasting and retail in consuming core countries (Panel B).

Panel A lists five stages of the coffee commodity chain: tropical cultivation by smallholders in Colombia, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Brazil and Honduras; local milling and cooperative aggregation; international container shipping of green beans; roasting, blending, packaging and branding near core consumer markets; and café and supermarket retail. Panel B is a bar chart of a $5.00 retail purchase: farm gate 8% ($0.40), local export 7% ($0.35), freight and trade 11% ($0.55), core roasting 29% ($1.45), core retail 45% ($2.25). A note gives producing countries 15% ($0.75) and the consuming core 74% ($3.70).
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 5.9, based on International Coffee Organization and FAO value-chain analysis as stated in the chart. Global coffee commodity chain across five stages (Panel A) and the distribution of a $5.00 retail purchase: 8% ($0.40) at the farm gate and 15% ($0.75) in producing countries, compared with 74% ($3.70) captured by roasting and retail in consuming core countries (Panel B).
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
5efb1c09668600a16dbbf3faf298764fb43f7159535ddd62e2f5b0adb00eefa7

UNIT 6 · delhi

NCT Delhi · census totals and a local transport scene

A real street-level photograph in New Delhi on August 4, 2018. Cars, vans, motorbikes, auto-rickshaws, a bus, and pedestrians share a crowded roadway. The accompanying table lists total NCT Delhi population in 1991, 2001, and 2011; it does not measure traffic volumes.
Credit and adaptations
Table: Census of India totals reproduced in Government of NCT of Delhi, Economic Survey 2025–26, Statement 19.9. Photograph: Rrthakur22, Deltraffic3, August 4, 2018, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Resized and encoded as WebP; scene content unchanged. The local 2018 scene is not a time series of the entire NCT.
Reuse basis
Photo: CC BY-SA 4.0, retained for the resized photograph. Table: independently re-tabulated numerical facts with government source credit.
Source
Original source · Data source · Photo license
Packaged asset SHA-256
819c0ef60b9cf5ded78b5fa1525dac586244487de8f9588d0ddb8e6518521bb2

UNIT 6 · kibera

Kibera, Nairobi · rooftops and streets, 2007

Actual photograph of closely packed structures in Kibera with varied roofs, narrow access paths and larger buildings in the distance.
Credit and adaptations
Genvessel, Kibera rooftops and streets, May 21, 2007, via Wikimedia Commons/Flickr. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Reuse basis
CC BY 2.0; credit, source and license retained.
Source
Original source · License
Packaged asset SHA-256
db07cffe7aa59b831bf7e427652767e08f829d62148e45423948ad1c8107a40d

UNIT 6 · urban-models

Urban land use · three classic North American models

Three side-by-side diagrams with a shared key. Panel 1, Burgess concentric zone model: rings 1 to 5 around one central business district. Panel 2, Hoyt sector model: wedges of zones 2 to 5 extending outward from the CBD along transport corridors. Panel 3, Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model: separate blocks for the CBD (1), wholesale and light manufacturing (2), lower-income housing (3), middle-income housing (4), high-income housing (5), an outlying business district (OBD) and heavy industry (6). Key: 1 CBD, 2 wholesale, light manufacturing and transition, 3 lower-income residential, 4 middle-income residential, 5 high-income or commuter, 6 and OBD heavy industry and outlying nodes.
Credit and adaptations
Original Practice Dojo comparative drawings of Burgess, Hoyt, and Harris–Ullman concepts; not traced from published figures.
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo drawing of a standard concept; no third-party artwork reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
e7516bfbe280233a358d9641eca0cf0dae0b57be92b9a78e89a9570448a31f8f

UNIT 6 · latin-model

Latin American city · Griffin–Ford structural model

Panel A is a circular diagram of the Griffin–Ford Latin American city model. A central CBD and market sits inside a mature zone, then a ring of in situ accretion, then an outer periférico ring of squatter settlements. A narrow dark spine runs from the CBD toward a mall at the upper right, flanked by a lighter elite residential sector. A brown disamenity wedge runs from the CBD to the lower left edge, and an industrial park sits on the left. Panel B explains each part: CBD, spine and edge mall; elite residential sector; zone of maturity and in situ accretion; periférico and disamenity sector.
Credit and adaptations
Original Practice Dojo interpretation of the Griffin–Ford model tradition, with commercial spine, elite sector, maturity/accretion/peripheral zones, mall and disamenity corridor.
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo drawing of a standard concept; no third-party artwork reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
afa66d0abb66bea6fa0dcf5abc1d755df55aec26ad26334e7c5618ca3b0b5886

UNIT 6 · city-rank

Largest U.S. cities · 2020 municipal populations

Credit and adaptations
U.S. Census Bureau, 2020 Census, Facts by Decade. City-proper populations within municipal boundaries, not metropolitan areas.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source

UNIT 6 · vegas

Las Vegas · Landsat urban growth, 1984–2009

Two stacked true-color Landsat scenes of the same part of Las Vegas: October 22, 1984 (top) and January 12, 2009 (bottom). In 1984 the western (left) third of the scene is open tan desert, with scattered developed blocks; the Las Vegas Strip and McCarran Airport are labeled. By 2009 nearly the whole scene is a gray grid of streets and buildings, with golf courses and new subdivisions where the desert had been. A scale bar shows 2,000 m.
Credit and adaptations
NASA images by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using Landsat 5/USGS data. October 22, 1984 and January 12, 2009 panels paired with date labels; source scenes unchanged.
Reuse basis
NASA Earth Science reuse guidance; no contrary item copyright notice found. Resized and paired; date labels added.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
f4c24ca181f1defa249b8ee3bf1583fd10eb26880ee18dc2d615baccf9ad8480

UNIT 6 · us-commute-modes-chart

United States · commute mode shares by metropolitan area, 2022

Panel A is a grouped bar chart of drive-alone and public-transit commute shares in 2022: New York MSA 41% and 27%, Chicago MSA 65% and 9%, Atlanta MSA 72% and 2%, U.S. average 69% and 3%. Panel B is a table repeating these shares and naming each area’s dominant urban form: New York, dense rail-oriented core; Chicago, radial commuter rail plus auto; Atlanta, decentralized highway network; U.S. total, auto-dominant suburban.
Credit and adaptations
U.S. Census Bureau, 2022 American Community Survey (ACS) 1-Year Estimates, Table S0801.
Reuse basis
Public-domain U.S. Census ACS statistics independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
6997351c113d3a7cb989344e3073b1ca598cb9c106fc67de413b56e88d9deb32

UNIT 6 · megacities-map

World · megacities (10M+ agglomerations) and host countries, 2023

World choropleth map shading countries by number of UN-defined megacities (urban agglomerations of 10 million or more) in 2023, with dots for major megacities. Classes: 3 or more (China, India), 2 (United States, Brazil, Japan, Pakistan), 1 (for example Mexico, Argentina, Egypt, Nigeria, Russia, Indonesia), and two classes of countries with none, split by whether they are at least 60% urban.
Credit and adaptations
UN DESA World Urbanization Prospects on Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain geometry; UN urban agglomeration counts charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
479012555fce003b74e52e21c1f3ce51d11fffeb3b3802d0331eabe581ab7117

UNIT 6 · urban-hearths-site

Urbanization origins · Formative ancient urban hearths and site vs. situation factors

Two-panel exhibit of the six primary ancient urban hearths and urban site vs. situation factors.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 6.1. Urbanization origins · Formative ancient urban hearths and site vs. situation factors.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
07d2af6197907ddbd3a7fcb75e5eb876c0f38e83e502ef472ee3a1787164c342

UNIT 6 · urban-bid-rent

Urban land use · Alonso bid-rent curves and Clark metropolitan residential density gradients

Two-panel diagram of urban bid-rent curves by land-use sector and 1920 vs. 2020 residential density gradients.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 6.6. Urban land use · Alonso bid-rent curves and Clark metropolitan residential density gradients.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
36abb6e99b2b9337a02a181a98b51a333474294d439bdc6db90390237a751eb3

UNIT 6 · census-tract-data

Urban data · Sub-municipal census tract GIS income gradient and mixed-methods field research

Two-panel exhibit showing median household income across 12 metropolitan census tracts and quantitative vs. qualitative urban data.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 6.9. Urban data · Sub-municipal census tract GIS income gradient and mixed-methods field research.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
c5cc8803453e6c8115e80191069b7bbadf9fd5af2cc0f3cf56f618a013f91d02

UNIT 6 · galactic-peripheral-city-model

Chauncy Harris's Galactic (Peripheral) City Model showing numbered functional zones (1 CBD, 2 Suburban Residential, 3 Orbital Beltway, 4 Edge Cities, 5 Industrial Park, 6 Airport Corridor) and spatial decentralization mechanics

Two-panel diagram of Chauncy Harris's Galactic (Peripheral) City Model with numbered functional zones 1 through 6.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 6.5. Chauncy Harris's Galactic (Peripheral) City Model showing numbered functional zones (1 CBD, 2 Suburban Residential, 3 Orbital Beltway, 4 Edge Cities, 5 Industrial Park, 6 Airport Corridor) and spatial decentralization mechanics.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
db20c31aba4ffa0689fe651c735fa7d2ebc00a6a3f6bdd466e771da30ceda12c

UNIT 6 · new-urbanism-transit-oriented-design

Suburban sprawl (Design I) and transit-oriented New Urbanism (Design II): street networks and land use (Panel A) and performance metrics for a 5,000-resident neighborhood (Panel B).

Panel A shows Design I, an auto-oriented cul-de-sac pod beside a six-lane arterial highway, and Design II, a mixed-use street grid around a rail station. Panel B compares metrics: land footprint 620 vs. 165 acres, intersections per square kilometer 18 vs. 94, homes within 400 m of transit 8% vs. 86%, daily vehicle miles per household 48.5 vs. 19.2, preserved green space 9% vs. 34%.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 6.8. Comparison of suburban sprawl (Design I) and transit-oriented New Urbanism (Design II), with street networks in Panel A and performance metrics in Panel B.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
1b4d86e1bdb9d160627958ed0ab3f4f32f7bcb355faefba463ac8639be176a5a

UNIT 7 · coal

U.S. coal · production geography and labor productivity

Two aligned charts of verified EIA observations at five-year intervals from 1985 through 2020. Upper grouped bars show coal production east and west of the Mississippi River in millions of short tons. East exceeds west in 1985, 1990, and 1995; west exceeds east from 2000 onward. Lower line shows U.S. short tons per employee hour: 2.74, 3.83, 5.38, 6.99, 6.36, 5.55, 6.28, and 6.12.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo chart from U.S. EIA, Annual Coal Report 2024 (November 2025), Tables ES1 and ES2. Five-year observations selected; production converted to million short tons and rounded to one decimal. EIA changed the labor-hour definition in 1998 to include office workers; this comparability note is retained below the chart.
Reuse basis
EIA public-domain numerical data; original Practice Dojo chart. EIA reuse guidance permits distribution with acknowledgment.
Source
Original source · ES1 production · ES2 productivity · Reuse terms
Packaged asset SHA-256
07bc7bc43f5b7aebc17281381c4223be505fa925b22185e96c20947abcebf39f

UNIT 7 · nellis

Nellis, Nevada · ground-mounted solar array, 2007

Actual photograph of many rows of photovoltaic panels occupying open ground in an arid landscape, with infrastructure in the background.
Credit and adaptations
Master Sgt. Robert Valenca / U.S. Air Force, November 9, 2007. Via Wikimedia Commons. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Reuse basis
Public-domain U.S. federal work; source credit retained. Resized/re-encoded; scene unchanged.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
44f400e54580396627adb952639e7478c313c404eb70141c87c567cba0433b30

UNIT 7 · hdi

World · Human Development Index by country, 2022

World choropleth map of the 2022 Human Development Index in five classes: 0.900 or higher (including North America, Western Europe, Japan and Australia), 0.800 to 0.899 (including Russia, Argentina and Saudi Arabia), 0.700 to 0.799 (including China, Brazil and Mexico), 0.550 to 0.699 (including India) and below 0.550 (low, most of Sub-Saharan Africa and Afghanistan). Labels show Norway 0.966, Germany 0.950, India 0.644 and Niger 0.394. A note says national averages mask regional and gender disparities within states.
Credit and adaptations
UNDP Human Development Report 2023/24, 2022 HDI values, as stated in the map. Original Practice Dojo map on Natural Earth boundaries.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced. Natural Earth public-domain country boundaries; original thematic rendering. Generalized de facto lines are not an endorsement of claims.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
9a2a0fb39db0786284663dbcda8f5674fdcab7ee7b7f7e5402ec973ea97ac8a2

UNIT 7 · trade

Selected major merchandise exporters · export value and share of GDP, 2023

Panel A is a bar chart of 2023 merchandise exports in trillions of U.S. dollars: China $3.38T, United States $2.02T, Germany $1.69T, Netherlands $0.94T, Japan $0.72T, South Korea $0.63T. A note says China exceeds the Netherlands and Japan combined ($1.66T). Panel B is a table of exports, nominal GDP and exports as a share of GDP: Netherlands 83.9%, Germany 37.9%, South Korea 36.8%, China 19.0%, Japan 17.1%, United States 7.4%.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo chart using WTO / UN Comtrade merchandise export data and World Bank nominal GDP for 2023, as stated in the chart. Six selected countries.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
82c1ff9f83fb60930266e22bc070efe24951170e382761535e23720599aa992e

UNIT 7 · weber

Weber · least-transport-cost triangle and isodapanes

Panel A is a location triangle with raw inputs S1 (5 tons per unit of output) and S2 (3 tons) at the two top corners and the consumer market M (2 tons of finished output) at the bottom corner. The optimal factory site P lies inside the triangle, closer to S1 and S2 than to M, surrounded by dashed isodapane rings. Panel B is a table: S1 5.0 tons, 42 km to P, 210 ton-km; S2 3.0 tons, 48 km, 144 ton-km; total inputs 8.0 tons, 354 ton-km; M 2.0 tons, 115 km, 230 ton-km. Notes say the freight rate is uniform per ton-kilometer and that 8.0 tons of inputs yield 2.0 tons of output.
Credit and adaptations
Original Practice Dojo drawing of Alfred Weber’s (1909) least-transport-cost model. Two units from each input (8.0 tons in all) become one unit of output (2.0 tons); uniform freight rate per ton-kilometer; other location forces held equal.
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo drawing of a standard concept; no third-party artwork reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
c52be7a3acf3083d34b0194cc0b7fdc1be5766e57a6a0bf3843c807fadd6c240

UNIT 7 · gender

India and selected countries · labor force participation by sex and the Gender Inequality Index, 2022

Panel A is a bar chart of labor force participation in India for ages 15 and over in 2022: men 76.1%, women 28.3%, a gap of 47.8 percentage points. Each percentage uses its own sex-specific population denominator. Panel B is a table of male and female participation rates, the gap and the UNDP Gender Inequality Index: Norway 68.2% and 62.6% (gap 5.6, GII 0.012), Vietnam 75.8% and 68.5% (7.3, 0.278), United States 68.0% and 56.8% (11.2, 0.180), Brazil 72.9% and 53.1% (19.8, 0.390), India 76.1% and 28.3% (47.8, 0.437), Egypt 69.8% and 15.4% (54.4, 0.443).
Credit and adaptations
Data: UNDP Human Development Report 2023/24 and ILO modeled estimates for 2022, as stated in the chart. India: women 28.3%, men 76.1%, ages 15+. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
Selected numerical facts independently re-tabulated or charted; source artwork, prose and logos not reproduced.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
bb27a9e9670ef0afcb876202c134d417ab1f647248ba8038a600d4ff590f1e9b

UNIT 7 · sector-employment-chart

Selected countries · employment by economic sector, 2022

Panel A is a stacked 100% bar chart of employment by sector in 2022 (primary, secondary, tertiary+): Ethiopia 64%, 10%, 26%; Vietnam 29%, 33%, 38%; China 23%, 29%, 48%; Brazil 9%, 21%, 70%; United States 2%, 19%, 79%. Panel B is a table of the same shares with GDP per capita: Ethiopia $1,028, Vietnam $4,164, China $12,720, Brazil $8,918, United States $76,330. A note defines each ILO sector group.
Credit and adaptations
Data: International Labour Organization (ILOSTAT) and World Bank (2022), as stated in the chart. Practice Dojo chart.
Reuse basis
ILO/World Bank statistical data independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
a4a4d1710a1781f1d7b7f24d59a2cf3e7562c93e0ab0758866799807dae4009f

UNIT 7 · renewable-electricity-chart

Renewable share of electricity generation in six countries, 2023

Bar chart of the renewable share of electricity generation in 2023: Norway 98% (hydro), Brazil 89%, Germany 52%, China 32%, United States 23%, India 21%. A side panel notes that China generates about 2,900 TWh of renewable power versus about 150 TWh for Norway.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo chart using data from the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Ember, Global Electricity Review (2024), as stated in the chart.
Reuse basis
Public-domain U.S. federal data independently charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
28924b721987c8a5a4549fb7852abcbf1aebe2684de0f1be0be1ba7d0e6c211a

UNIT 7 · manufacturing-share-map

World · manufacturing value added as a share of GDP, 2022

World choropleth map of manufacturing value added as a share of GDP in 2022 in five classes: 24% or more (darkest blue, including China, South Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Ireland and Czechia), 16% to 23% (including Mexico, Germany, Japan, Italy, India and Türkiye), 11% to 15% (including the United States, Canada, Russia, Brazil and France), 6% to 10% (including the United Kingdom, Australia and Saudi Arabia) and under 6% (much of Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa). A note says postindustrial service economies with shares under 15% still have high absolute industrial output.
Credit and adaptations
Data: World Bank, World Development Indicators (2022), manufacturing value added as a share of GDP, as stated in the map. Natural Earth 1:110m boundaries. Practice Dojo map.
Reuse basis
Natural Earth public-domain geometry; World Bank data charted by Practice Dojo.
Source
Original source
Packaged asset SHA-256
1622435df1a14ae9611c7bc425cc764c0d1f4e95cf206e44c81d9ed66667209a

UNIT 7 · rostow-wallerstein

Theories of development · Rostow's modernization stages vs. Wallerstein's World-Systems model

Two-panel diagram comparing Rostow's Five Stages of Growth with Wallerstein's Core–Semiperiphery–Periphery World-Systems model.
Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original cartographic and analytical exhibit aligned to APHG CED Topic 7.5. Theories of development · Rostow's modernization stages vs. Wallerstein's World-Systems model.
Reuse basis
Original vector diagram / Natural Earth 1:110m public-domain geometry and documented public statistical series.
Packaged asset SHA-256
2b96b6ec8f96d5e5a2f2c5d5ef30df0fb084183cc556c8952f6c3f00620687f1

UNIT 1 · u1-bb-projections-matrix

Comparative Properties of Four Map Projections

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Cartographic synthesis table comparing Mercator, Gall-Peters, Robinson/Winkel Tripel, and Azimuthal Equidistant projections across conformal, equal-area, and navigational properties (CED Topic 1.1).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 1 · u1-bb-geospatial-tech

Municipal Wildfire & Watershed Response: Geospatial Technology Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative analytical matrix distinguishing Remote Sensing (LiDAR/Multispectral), GPS/GNSS positioning, GIS spatial overlay modeling, and Participatory GIS field verification (CED Topic 1.2–1.3).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 1 · u1-bb-maup-scale

Median Household Income & Poverty Rate by Scale of Aggregation (Metro X, 2024)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Multi-scale statistical table illustrating the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) and ecological fallacy across metropolitan, municipal, census-tract, and block-group scales (CED Topic 1.6).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 1 · u1-bb-regional-typology

Comparative Regional Classification Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Analytical matrix comparing Formal (Uniform), Functional (Nodal), and Perceptual (Vernacular) regions across boundary mechanics, defining metrics, and spatial evolution (CED Topic 1.7).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 2 · u2-bb-density-matrix

Comparative Demographic & Agricultural Density Matrix (2024)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Cross-national comparison of arithmetic, physiological, and agricultural densities across River Basin Alpha, Highland Beta, Polder Gamma, and Prairie Delta (CED Topic 2.1–2.2).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 2 · u2-bb-cohort-balancing

Age-Structure & Demographic Balancing Profile (2024)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative demographic table of crude birth/death rates, net migration rates, median age, and youth vs. elderly dependency ratios across four representative states (CED Topic 2.3–2.4).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 2 · u2-bb-dtm-epidemiologic

Demographic & Epidemiologic Transition Synthesis Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Integrated five-stage matrix pairing Demographic Transition vital rates with Abdel Omran's Epidemiologic Transition mortality causes and Malthusian/Boserupian dynamics (CED Topic 2.5–2.6).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 2 · u2-bb-migration-typology

Global Mobility & Forced Displacement Corridors (2024)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative typology of international refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), Kafala guest workers, step/chain rural-to-urban migrants, and brain-drain flows (CED Topic 2.10–2.12).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 3 · u3-bb-landscape-matrix

Comparative Cultural Landscape & Sequent Occupance Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Analytical matrix of built morphology, sequent occupance layers, and toponymic shifts across Cusco, Córdoba, New Orleans, and Cyberjaya (CED Topic 3.1–3.2).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 3 · u3-bb-diffusion-matrix

Comparative Spatial Diffusion & Cultural Convergence Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Typology of relocation, hierarchical, reverse-hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus diffusion mechanisms and their impacts on local-global cultural convergence (CED Topic 3.4).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 3 · u3-bb-language-policy

Comparative Ethnolinguistic & Language Policy Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Cross-national synthesis of language families/branches, lingua francas, creolization, and constitutional language policies in Nigeria, Switzerland, Belgium, and New Zealand (CED Topic 3.5 & 3.7).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 3 · u3-bb-religious-matrix

Comparative Geography of Universalizing, Ethnic & Syncretic Faiths

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Matrix comparing hearth origins, diffusion pathways, pilgrimage landscapes, and calendar/architectural expressions across major world and syncretic religions (CED Topic 3.5 & 3.8).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 4 · u4-bb-entities-matrix

Comparative Political Entities & Sovereignty Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Analytical typology contrasting nation-states, multinational states, multistate nations, stateless nations, and autonomous territories (CED Topic 4.1–4.2).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 4 · u4-bb-boundary-matrix

Genetic & Functional Classification of Selected Political Boundaries

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative matrix of antecedent, subsequent, consequent, superimposed, and relic boundaries alongside definitional, locational, operational, and allocational disputes (CED Topic 4.4–4.5).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 4 · u4-bb-governance-matrix

Comparative Constitutional Governance, Electoral Redistricting & Devolution Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Synthesis of unitary vs. federal states, asymmetric devolution, and electoral packing/cracking redistricting mechanics (CED Topic 4.6–4.8).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 4 · u4-bb-chokepoint-matrix

Maritime Chokepoints, UNCLOS Zones & Supranational Integration Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Analytical matrix covering UNCLOS 12-nm territorial seas, 200-nm EEZs, median-line straits, and supranational integration tiers (CED Topic 4.5 & 4.9).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 5 · u5-bb-systems-matrix

Comparative Global Agricultural Production Systems (2024)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Cross-system matrix comparing labor/capital intensity, land abundance, bioclimatic zones, and market orientation across Whittlesey agricultural regions (CED Topic 5.1 & 5.6).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 5 · u5-bb-revolutions-matrix

Three Agricultural Revolutions & Technological Transitions Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Historical-geographical synthesis of the First (Neolithic hearths), Second (Enclosure/mechanization), and Third/Green (HYV/biotech) Agricultural Revolutions (CED Topic 5.3–5.5).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 5 · u5-bb-von-thunen-matrix

Von Thünen Bid-Rent Mechanics & Contemporary Commodity Chain Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Quantitative bid-rent gradient table and agribusiness value-chain distribution comparing farm-gate vs. core retail value capture (CED Topic 5.7–5.9).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 5 · u5-bb-sustainability-matrix

Agricultural Environmental Impacts, Food Insecurity & Gender Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative synthesis of irrigation salinization, aquifer depletion, deforestation, urban food deserts, and female agricultural labor/tenure gaps (CED Topic 5.10–5.12).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 6 · u6-bb-hierarchy-matrix

Comparative Urban Systems & Central Place Matrix (2024)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Synthesis comparing Primate City vs. Rank-Size Rule distributions and Christaller central-place threshold/range tiers from regional market towns to Alpha+ World Cities (CED Topic 6.3–6.4).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 6 · u6-bb-world-models-matrix

Comparative Global Urban Morphology Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative structural matrix of Burgess Concentric, Galactic/Edge City, Griffin-Ford Latin American, De Blij Sub-Saharan African, and McGee Southeast Asian urban models (CED Topic 6.5).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 6 · u6-bb-bidrent-housing-matrix

Metropolitan Bid-Rent, Housing Density & Institutional Trajectory (Metro Gamma)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Zonal profile from CBD to exurban fringe linking Alonso bid-rent land prices, floor-area ratios, 1930s HOLC redlining rent gaps, inner-ring suburban poverty, and Euclidean zoning (CED Topic 6.6 & 6.10).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 6 · u6-bb-sustainability-matrix

Comparative Urban Growth & Sustainability Scorecard (2024)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative metropolitan audit contrasting conventional highway sprawl with transit-oriented smart growth across land consumption, commute mode split, urban heat island, and eco-gentrification (CED Topic 6.7–6.11).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 6 · u6-site-situation-table

Comparative Urban Origins: Site vs. Situation

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative table of local physical site attributes and regional/global situation connectivity for Singapore, Chicago, and Brasília (CED Topic 6.1).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 6 · u6-global-urbanization-svg

Projected Urban Population Growth by World Region (1950–2050)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Time-series chart based on UN DESA World Urbanization Prospects comparing urban share levels and rates of urbanization across North America, Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa (CED Topic 6.2).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 6 · u6-hoyt-sector-svg

Hoyt Sector Model of Urban Structure

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Conceptual diagram adapted from Homer Hoyt (1939) illustrating radial transport/industrial corridors and directional residential sectors (CED Topic 6.5).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 6 · u6-holc-redlining-excerpt

Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) Area Description — Philadelphia, PA (1937)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Archival primary-source excerpt from the Federal Home Loan Bank Board HOLC City Survey Files illustrating fourth-grade ('Grade D') mortgage redlining criteria (CED Topic 6.10).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 7 · u7-bb-weber-sectors-matrix

Comparative Industrial Location & Sectoral Cost Matrix (Weberian Synthesis)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Analytical table comparing raw-material vs. finished tonnage and labor cost shares across bulk-reducing copper smelting, bulk-gaining beverage bottling, footloose apparel, and quaternary biotech R&D (CED Topic 7.2).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 7 · u7-bb-development-indices-matrix

Comparative Multidimensional Development Profile (2024)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Cross-national synthesis of GNI per capita (PPP), Gini coefficient, Human Development Index (HDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), and informal employment shares across five development profiles (CED Topic 7.3–7.4).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 7 · u7-bb-theories-trade-matrix

Comparative Development Frameworks & Trade Strategies Matrix

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative matrix of Rostow's Stages of Growth, Wallerstein's World-Systems Theory, Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI), and Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI) (CED Topic 7.5–7.6).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 7 · u7-bb-postfordist-sustainability-matrix

Global Production Regimes & Sustainable Development Transitions

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Analytical matrix comparing Classic Fordism, Post-Fordist Just-in-Time Global Value Chains, and Circular Eco-Industrial Symbiosis Parks under UN SDGs 9 and 12 (CED Topic 7.7–7.8).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 7 · u7-clark-sectoral-svg

Sectoral Employment Shifts During Economic Development

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Conceptual line diagram adapted from the Clark-Fourastié sectoral model illustrating labor force transitions across primary, secondary, and tertiary/quaternary sectors (CED Topic 7.2).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 7 · u7-undp-hdi-table

Selected Economic and Social Development Indicators

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative statistical table from UNDP Human Development Report series comparing GDP per capita (PPP), life expectancy, schooling, GII, and HDI across Norway, South Korea, Brazil, and Niger (CED Topic 7.3–7.4).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 7 · u7-rostow-takeoff-excerpt

W.W. Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth (1960)

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Historical excerpt from W.W. Rostow (1960) defining the 'Take-Off' stage of modernization (CED Topic 7.5).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

UNIT 7 · u7-china-sez-table

China's Coastal Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and Open Coastal Cities

Credit and adaptations
Practice Dojo original analytical exhibit and comparative synthesis aligned to the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Comparative geographical table of Shenzhen SEZ, Xiamen SEZ, and Shanghai Pudong New Area highlighting maritime port situation and export profiles (CED Topic 7.6–7.7).
Reuse basis
Original Practice Dojo tabular/vector synthesis compiled from public-domain UN, World Bank, Census, and standard AP Human Geography reference models; no third-party copyrighted artwork reproduced.
Source
AP Human Geography CED framework

Supporting reuse and model references

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